Major risk factors for which patients with ...

/ Osteoporosis - Prevention, diagnosis and treatment

Osteoporosis - Prevention, diagnosis and treatment

The purpose of osteoporosis by reducing the amount of bone and deterioration of bone microstructure, leading to total loss of bone strength and increased risk of fractures . While part of the natural aging process, osteoporosis is not affected at all in the same way. The condition is common in Sweden, the annual socio-economic cost of treating osteoporosis and related fractures of the next 3. 5000000000 lasix 40mg crowns. In the scientific literature on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis was conducted a systematic review. Methods Relevant questions are arranged on the topics to be covered in the report. A systematic literature search conducted in databases and other sources. For each subject studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered, the quality and correlated in order to reach general conclusions (which were then designed data forms). The final manuscript was reviewed SBU Scientific Committee and the Board, and external groups. Results of scientific evidence that osteoporosis is just one of several risk factors for fractures. Measurement of bone density little probability prediction hip fractures in people who are otherwise at low risk of fractures. Lack of physical activity, low weight, smoking, high alcohol intake, predisposition to falls, visual impairment, low sunlight, and use of corticosteroids and other key risk factors for which patients have some control. Major risk factors for which patients have no control is advanced age, gender (women are at higher risk), presence of fracture history and heredity. There is no scientific basis for measuring bone density as a screening method in healthy, middle-aged people. But bone density plays a definite role in the study of persons with multiple risk factors to predict their risk of fracture and started preventive measures. No method of diagnosis and specific parts of the body is best to measure the risk of fractures throughout the skeleton. Measurement of bone density in the hip area is best suited for predicting the risk of hip fractures. Comparison of different methods of measuring - DXA, ultrasound and computed tomography - is less convincing. Physical activity has been shown to affect bone density at any age, especially among children and adolescents. Although more calcium intake seems to increase bone density in children and adolescents, the impact on the maximum bone mass have been insufficiently studied. When it comes to treatment, calcium and vitamin D, have been shown to reduce the risk of hip fractures and other non-spine fractures in elderly people. Alendronate and ryzedronat (both of which are bisphosphonates) has been shown to decrease the frequency of fractures, especially of the spine in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. The following measures have been shown to reduce the incidence of falls in older people: individual muscle strength and balance training, measures to minimize the risk of falling at home, and a combination of education and change fall risks, including lowering drugs. Hip pads seem to reduce the risk of hip fracture when elderly people in care of life falls. In patients with osteoporosis fractures have sufficient support from the group of drug therapy and other measures to prevent further fractures. The patient fractured neck of femur, rarely diagnosed with osteoporosis when you receive or discharge from hospital. After fracture rehabilitation in the geriatric, orthopedic and multidisciplinary clinics is as effective on mortality, nursing homes and functions. Assuming that primary health has adequate resources and selects the correct patient, early mobilization and discharge from outpatient treatment corresponds to the results in the treatment of patients. Painful conditions associated with fractures of the spine may be exempted from the usual analgesics and physical therapy combined with muscle strength and balance training. There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of vertebroplasty or kifoplastika, two minimally invasive surgical procedures, with painful fractures of the spine. Hip fractures cause prolonged dysfunction and reduced quality of life, while some spine fractures reduce quality of life. Health economic evaluation is very little due to lack of information on the effects of different treatments for osteoporosis risk for mortality, quality of life and cost in different age and risk groups. Treatment of osteoporosis patients appears in conformity with generally accepted norms of ethics. The only exception is the undertreatment of those who suffered fractures. There are some doubts about the treatment of patients with hip fracture with moderate cognitive disabilities. .